Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Background: Spermatogenesis is a complex process crucial for male fertility, involving the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells into mature spermatozoa where. Disruptions within this intricate process are linked to male infertility, a condition affecting a significant proportion of the male population, also as the general population. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in spermatogenesis is essential for addressing the challenges of male fertility. Method: This systematic review analyzed the relevant literature published between 2017 and 2025, focusing on molecular pathways related to spermatogenesis and male infertility. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established a priori, and a comprehensive search across multiple databases was performed. Relevant data were extracted and synthesized, including the findings from genomic, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies. Results: The review summarizes findings from diverse studies, as represented in three tables, as well as details authors and study objectives, revealing insights into molecular mechanisms affecting sperm development, including H19 gene methylation patterns and genetic contributors to idiopathic spermatogenic failure in addition to describes the contributions and methodologies utilized in the research, showcasing systematic reviews and meta-analyses across various studies furthermore finally we highlight major outcomes, identifying critical genetic markers, the role of the tumor suppressor p53 in spermatogenesis, and the impact of sperm metabolomics on fertility parameters. Conclusion: This review underscores the intricate interplay among molecular pathways governing spermatogenesis, emphasizing their role in male infertility, while the findings point to significant associations between genetic, epigenetic modifications and male fertility outcomes, thereby highlighting the potential for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to enhance male reproductive health.