Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs of the body, particularly the skin, joints, blood, kidneys, and central nervous system. "Chronic" means that it can last for a long time. "Autoimmune" means that there is a disorder of the immune system, which instead of protecting the body from bacteria and viruses, attacks the patient's own tissues. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoreactive B and T cells and the production of a broad, heterogeneous group of autoantibodies (autoAb). The pathogenesis of lupus can be divided into three stages: 1) genetic predisposition and environmental exposures, 2) loss of tolerance, and 3) immune activation. In stage one, there is a long period of predisposition to autoimmunity with genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures each contributing to disease development. More than fifty genes have been associated with SLE. Sex also plays a role in disease susceptibility, as women of child-bearing age are nine times more likely than men to develop SLE 9:1. This review designed to determine the association between the autoantibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus.